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Symbolism
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Symbolism is a style that already came up in painting in the 18th century and was able to influence up to the 20th century. In the 18th century, it was the reaction to the Enlightenment of, among others, artists like Blake, Fuseli and Goya. In the 19th century, however, it can be considered a counter movement to Impressionism, sociocritical Realism and Naturalism. Symbolism got its name from the "Symbolist Manifesto" published in 1886 by Jean Moréas. The movement was not so much united by a consistent style of painting rather than by the common idea. The focus of the image was the symbolistically distorted man drawn up to an allegory as well as his relations to eroticism and death. The subjective feeling of man and his relation to the world, to his dreams, fears and needs as such form the basis of this style. A major artist, who anticipated already a part of psychoanalysis in his etchings, was Max Klinger. He celebrated great successes with his graphic cycle "Opus XII - Brahms' Fantasy", which was inspired by the music of his friend Johannes Brahms. In addition to historical, mythological figures and topics, which were reinterpreted by the Symbolists to a dreamlike, hallucinatory and mainly background-free (at least without a perspectively detailed background) way of representation, also topics dealing with women were very popular subjects for pictures. For many painters, the woman became a symbol for the ambivalent embodiment of chastity and Christian virtue as well as for sin, desire and sexuality. A well-known example for this is the painting "The Sin" by Franz von Stuck. By the strong emphasis on the subjective and mysterious aspects, Symbolism was able to influence Surrealism, Expressionism, Art Nouveau and the psychologically influenced abstract art of the 20th century.
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 Rousseau, Henri |
Cabanel, Alexandre |
Bouguereau, William |
| Seignac, Guillaume |
Leighton, Edmund Blair |
Rossetti, Dante Gabriel |
| Glendening, Alfred |
Flandrin, Hippolyte |
Watts, George Frederick |
| Falero, Luis Ricardo |
Gotch, Thomas Cooper |
Rippl Ronai, Jozsef |
| Segantini, Giovanni |
Stuck, Franz von |
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Symbolism
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Oil Paintings