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Classicism
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The term Classicism refers to a style originating from France, between the years 1770 and 1830. Due to the fact that this strong classicizing style took place in about the same period as Romanticism, one cannot speak of Classicism as a closed era. The new style, which was targeted against the Rococo movement, carried the name "Classicism" only in Germany, while in Italy, England and France it is known as Classicism, in addition to the terms Louis XVI and Empire. In general, Classicism attempted to revive the ancient classical Greek art of the 4th and 5th century BC and the Roman classic. Thus, the architecture was based on ancient temples, while sculptors like Canova, Schadow and Thorvaldsen created idealizing, mythological sculptures made from pure white marble. In addition, the classical painting sought to depict both, the physically beautiful and the morally perfect human being. As its principal representative, we can name Jacques Louis David with his masterpiece "The Oath of the Horatii". For this reason, ancient historical and mythological events were the favorite themes. Classicism was given a theoretical literary foundation mainly by the works by Winckelmann, but also by Lessing and Sulzer. As major painters of this period, we can name, in addition to Jacques Louis David, Ingres, Prud'hon and Jean Antoin Gros, and from Germany Tischbein, Schick and Schinkel. Because Classicism was committed to protecting optical purity and beauty, also the compositions are very strict and balanced. Only a few people were depicted in front of a lofty, idealized nature. The new style said goodbye to all baroque flourishes and returned to clear contours, clean lines, dramatic gestures and pure local coloring. Classicism can be characterized by its strict relation to ancient forms as a clear precursor of historicism.
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 Winterhalter, Franz Xavier |
Aivazovsky, Ivan |
David, Jacques Louis |
| Hackert, Jacob Philipp |
Batoni, Pompeo Girolamo |
Godward, John William |
| Blaas, Eugene de |
Ingres, Jean Auguste Dominique |
Couture, Thomas |
| Garrido, Eduardo Leon |
Gros, Antoine Jean |
Koch, Joseph Anton |
| Graff, Anton |
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Oil Paintings