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Romanticism
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Romanticism was a genre originating from Germany, which flourished from about 1790 until 1830. Even though the contents of Romanticism found their way to France at a later stage, the word is a French language term meaning something like "poetic, emotion-centered, atmospheric". These characteristics also reflect the similarities of the Romanticist painters, writers and musicians. In Romanticism, all three arts were very closely linked. In this context, the literary works of Ludwig Tieck and W.H. Wackenroder provided for an important impetus. In their works, these two writers promoted rejuvenation towards the Middle Ages as well as a real art religion and the unity of nature and man. This close connection can be found in the images of two great Romanticist German painters: Philipp Otto Runge and, above all, Caspar David Friedrich were known for their atmospheric landscapes. In Friedrich's images, frequently a few characters appear who can be seen lost in dreams, placed into corresponding landscapes, which seem to reflect their feelings, longings and desires. The rejuvenation of the Middle Ages and the religious worship of art were also characteristic for the Pre-Raphaelites in England and for the Rome-based Nazarenes, which, in addition to religious themes, depicted also Middle High German epics like "Nibelungenlied" or "Faust". That time, also the illustration of fairy tales and of the newly issued works of romanticist writers was very popular. Also here, the close connection between art, literature and music can be seen. The French painters Eugène Delacroix and Théodore Géricault, who were both neo-Classical-minded, used rather romantic themes for their paintings. Contrary to this, in England, William Turner and John Constable became famous with their evocative landscapes of great prestige.
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 Spitzweg, Carl |
Turner, Joseph Mallord William |
Blechen, Carl |
| Friedrich, Caspar David |
Isabey, Louis Gabriel Eugene |
Inness, George |
| Dicksee, Sir Frank Francis Bernard |
Constable, John |
Bloch, Carl Heinrich |
| Fuessli, Johann Heinrich |
Gericault, Jean Louis Theodore |
Delacroix, Eugene |
| Girtin, Thomas |
Cole, Thomas |
Bierstadt, Albert |
| Moran, Thomas |
Church, Frederic Edwin |
Delaroche, Paul |
| Etty, William |
Durand, Asher Brown |
Gifford, Sanford Robinson |
| Gleyre, Charles |
Kensett, John Frederick |
Defragger, Franz von |
| Gallen Kallela, Akseli |
Gaertner, Eduard |
Runge, Philipp Otto |
| Richter, Adrian Ludwig |
Reiffenstein, Carl Theodor |
Stubs, George |
| Bracht, Eugen |
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Oil Paintings